It’s a movement that started in perhaps the late 1950s across philosophy, art, literature, and architecture, movies, TV .. really everywhere.
Before po-mo, there was modernism, and by the late 50s that had become so serious and dull that everyone was fed up with it. You can think of po-mo as perhaps a rejection of seriousness by the post-war generation.
In philosophy, this rejection was part of a realization that there was no one truth, that everything is completely subjective, that all meaning is created by us. Culture is a game, and the only thing that matters is being amusing. It’s rather a despairing position in many ways.
You can also maybe imagine it as the final end of aristocracy and the ultimate triumph of democracy. All authority has evaporated.
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