Pressure.
You know how you have to blow with *some* amount of force in order to blow bubbles in a drink with a straw? Same thing.
The pressure of the liquid in the marg exceeds that that of force of gravity of the liquid in the ‘rona.
And there’s some air pressure in the mix, too.
Like if you took a gallon of milk and flipped it upside down, it’d pour out, but it would chug out in fits and starts as the air pressure sees a balance. I’m going to assume the same would be happening in the ‘rona.
When you flip a bottle of corona upside down normally, less dense gaseous air slips in and travels to the upturned bottom of the bottle, forcing the more dense liquid beer out.
When you put a bottle of liquid inside another bottle of liquid, the density remains the same. No air is travelling to the upturned bottom of the glass, and so the vacuum keeps the liquid in place. Pull the bottle out, or put a straw into the bottle so that air can slip in, and air immediately starts rushing in.
It is not a “mathematical principle”. Not everything in physics that you don’t understand is some kind of complex math.
If fluid was to flow out of the bottom of the bottle submerged in the margarita it would leave a void in the top of the bottle, a vacuum without any air. Outside air pressure needs to be balanced with air pressure inside the bottle, and the weight of the fluid in the bottle is not enough to overcome ambient air pressure. That means it stays in the bottle.
For water the height of water that can be supported by air pressure is around 32 feet.
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