The Constitution didn’t automatically become law once it was drafted, the individual states had to ratify it in their state legislatures.
The Federalist Papers are a collection of essays and articles written by the Constitution’s drafters to explain the details and expectations of the new constitution – and hopefully to convince the states to accept it.
The proposed governmental structure was unique in the world at the time, so ratification wasn’t merely a formality. There was a lot of debate about how the balance of power between state and federal would sit, and what rights the individual would have.
The constitution was amended *immediately* after ratification to address some of the objections raised during the discussion.
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