A particle is a bounded peice of energy which has broken off from its source event and become its own thing. It’s like a wavy moving droplet of water but instead of water, it’s energy like light or electricity.
Mass is a way particles can interact, if one doesn’t generate a gravity signal by how its energy moves it will not have any detectable mass. Like seeing does it ripple fast and small enough to match up with the particles we use to measure, or not?
A particle is a particle by its bounds, once it’s cut off or ejected from a high energy event is when it becomes a particle. How exactly that happens determines whether it has mass we can measure, sometimes it happens and sometimes it doesn’t.
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