These days a product has supply chains extending to dozens of countries and most likely the final assembly happens in China and to a smaller extent in Taiwan, South Korea, Malaysia and Vietnam.
For example Apple to make its iPhone works with suppliers in 43 countries and six continents to make its products, and the chain gets even more complicated when you break it down into raw materials.
Not much. Yes there are penalties to pay but there are also a lot of work arounds. All you need to add a label “made in X” is that some part of the product is made in X country.
My client is a multinational FMCG company who owns the biggest condom brand in the world. They found that people were a bit weird buying condoms made in foreign countries, so they make the condom wrappers in each country they operate in and can then label them so that it looks like the condoms are all made locally when they’re not
Marks and Spencer, a very popular clothing retailer in the UK was found, in the 1990s to be selling garments being made in Morroco by child labour and labelled as Made in UK.
This was uncovered by Granada TV. M&S blamed the supplier, said they were unaware of the situation, sued Granada for Libel, and won.
For a little history look up “Made in Germany” wiki. It was the brits idea to get products labeled, so that people had a choice. In the end, Germany just made better products and from there it got associated with quality.
But the whole point of it, was to stop Germany making stuff with British manufacturing marks
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