what the hell is electric charge? Like it doesn’t make sense sense to me how protons are positive and electrons are negative like what does that mean?
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Electromagnetism is a fundamental force, meaning it cannot be explained by simpler phenomena, at least not in terms which our physics can articulate.
We can observe it, we can use it to explain more complex phenomena, and we can even manipulate it to serve our own ends, but electromagnetism itself must simply be accepted axiomatically because nothing we can observe “causes” electromagnetic force. It simply exists as part of the reality we know.
Other fundamental forces include the weak nuclear force, the strong nuclear force, and gravity. Though according to special relativity, gravity is actually an acceleration made apparent by relative differences in spacetime curvature between observers. Gravity only presents as a force when something acts against this apparent acceleration.
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