One way to do it would be using a mass spectrometer, which is essentially shooting an ionized atom through a magnetic field and measuring how much it is being deflected.
[Francis William Aston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston) got the Nobel price for chemistry for his work on mass spectroscopy in 1922, and there was [some work](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mass_spectrometry) in that direction before that, so I’d say the answer to your second question should be yes.
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