An open-bolt system is a type of gun where the bolt is held back and it only comes forward and closes when you pull the trigger. Most guns these days are closed-bolt, where to fire the gun you (or a spring) push the bolt closed, loading a round into the chamber, and the trigger causes the firing pin to fire the round (couple different mechanisms for that, not the point). Open bolt guns are generally a lot simpler and easier to make but they’re effectively illegal in the US because the ATF says they’re too easy to convert into machine guns.
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