Nothing physically. If you have a transmitter, and try to broadcast on the same frequency as someone else, the more powerful transmission wins. The signal will weaken the further you get from a transmitter so if your transmitter is weaker then theirs, then their will be a radius around your transmitter where your signal is more powerful and will win. You can observe this if on a long drive and have the radio on. Sometimes you lose the first station and another starts coming through.
Now, if you are interfering with a licensed broadcaster, depending on who that is, either they or the FCC have equipment to locate sources of interference. If your mucking around on a band that is safety critical, they will find you real fast. Think Air traffic control, police band, or railroad radios. Or if you are messing with communication infrastructure like cell towers where one improper transmission could mess up service for hundreds of simultaneous users.
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