There are no strict definition but the owners of the establishment usually pick the name depending on what clientel they are seeking. Hotels is a place where you can temporarily rent a room. So you would expect a bed and a bathroom with a shower. Typically breakfast is included as well. Although there is no limits to how extravogant an hotel room can be.
A motel is short for motor hotel and is usually aimed at people who are driving long distances and need somewhere to park up for the night. So there is usually a parking spot just outside the room. This is so that you can park your car, go inside to shower and sleep but you do not really have to drag all your suitcases into the room from the car but can just go out into the car if you need something. Breakfast is less likely to be served because people generally prefer to just get on their way in the morning and buy breakfast at a nearby rest stop so they can eat while driving.
A hostel is for people who need a place to sleep but can not afford a hotel room. These places reduce costs as much as they can by for example only having a bathroom down the hallway, having guests clean the rooms themselves and renting out beds in sleeping halls instead of seperate rooms.
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