so from what i know: psychology is a field of study. you might become a psychologist and then do research in ie human behavior.
you might also do additional training to practice psychotherapy and become a therapist. in my country, even people who study neurology are eligible to do training to become a therapist. as a practicing therapist, you work directly with patients, may be at a doctors office or at a general clinic.
at a clinic there might be multiple different people working. head doctor who might have studied medicine, psychologists who act as therapists and do sessions with patients and social workers who are around the patients 24/7 ish, making sure everything is alright, keeping order and safety, some might even have to cook food or do some cleaning. they usually have some work training and dont need a specific degree
counselors sounds very unspecific to me, idk, might have some psychology degree probably
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