What’s the difference between front wheel drive, rear wheel drive, 4WD and AWD?

Question

More specifically, what are the pros/cons of each? Why do some cars use one system over the others and which is “better”?

EDIT: Thanks everyone for the explanations. It’s been very useful.

In: 10

Answer 1

Not many people are talking about RWD. RWD is good for acceleration because the car’s weight will shift to the back when moving forward, applying more force to the back tires. More weight in the back = more friction with the ground = better traction when accelerating, which is why most sports cars will have RWD.