What’s the difference between front wheel drive, rear wheel drive, 4WD and AWD?

Question

More specifically, what are the pros/cons of each? Why do some cars use one system over the others and which is “better”?

EDIT: Thanks everyone for the explanations. It’s been very useful.

In: 10

Answer 1

You should also explain the stuff about how 4WD is engaging 2 ties at the same time and it can be any of the 4 tires. All wheel drive is engaging 1 tier at a time but it can be any of the 4.