More specifically, what are the pros/cons of each? Why do some cars use one system over the others and which is “better”?
EDIT: Thanks everyone for the explanations. It’s been very useful.
In: 10
Front wheel drive: better traction and control over RWD because the tires are weighted by the motor and are pulling the car rather than pushing. FWD is much less likely to cut the rear end loose in a hard turn or acceleration versus rear wheel drive.
4WD. Switchable from 2WD (rear) to 4WD either electronically through a switch inside the vehicle, or through a transfer case and hubs. Great traction as all four wheels are pushing/pulling. In modern four-wheel drive, the computer will deliver power to the wheels with the most traction. Worst gas mileage as there is an element of “fight” between wheels.
AWD. All four tires are engaged all of the time. In modern vehicles, to improve gas mileage, the computer manages the power going to each wheel, and generally leaves the vehicle in what is essentially 2WD until it detects a loss of traction. It then engages or disengages wheels as needed. This leaves you with a combination of great traction when you need it, but also great gas mileage, plus the convenience of not having to switch in and out of four-wheel drive manually.
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