Every jurisdiction defines these terms different with their own particular nuances.
In general however, murder is when you:
1. cause someone’s death unlawfully; and
2. intend to kill someone.
Manslaughter is when you:
1. cause someone’s death unlawfully; but
2. do not intend to kill someone.
The difference is the intent to kill.
EDIT:
As for the degrees, that also depends on the jurisdiction. In Canada, first degree murder is if the Crown can prove planning and deliberation. Also, there are some other forms of murder which elevate to 1st degree, even without planning and deliberation, such as:
* murdering a police officer on duty
* murdering while committing certain crimes (e.g. while kidnapping or during a sexual assault)
* murder for hire
* murder from terrorism
* murder as a part of a criminal organization
Second degree murder is any murder which is not first degree murder, or in other words, it when the Crown can prove murder beyond a reasonable doubt, but cannot prove planning and deliberation beyond reasonable doubt or any of the other facts.
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