In short, the Marines were conceived as America’s “expeditionary force” that specializes in amphibious warfare (sea -> land -> back again) and global reach
The Navy has been around for a very long time and mainly focuses on Naval warfare, but they do have some overlap and dabble in amphibious warfare. But they are classically what you think of as sailors just in a much more modern military context.
Marines are supposed to project American power globally by maintaining the ability to “defend our interests” anywhere with quick response time. That’s pretty much what an Expeditionary force does, they arrive anywhere prepared in theory.
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