A feudal system is where a landowner grants land to a subject in exchange for services to be provided – for example, peasants might owe their landlord a certain number of days of labour, or a landlord might owe the King a certain number of soldiers for military service.
A caste system is where people are born into a social group that is permanent and which defines what they can and cannot do during their lives. For example, you might be born into a farmer or a warrior caste, which means that you will be a farmer or a warrior for the rest of your life.
The two systems aren’t mutually exclusive – for example, medieval Japan had both a caste system *and* a feudal system at the same time.
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