Propane is a specific molecule, C3H8. It’s a very short chain of carbon atoms with hydrogen stuck to them, and it’s gas at room temperature/pressure. At higher pressures we can easily force it to liquefy in tanks.
Gasoline is longer chains and rings of carbon, which will quickly become a gas when mixed with air or heated. This makes it easy to burn.
Diesel is longer still chains and rings. It is more difficult to turn to a gas or burn, which can be helpful for certain types of engine.
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