Countries generally require everybody entering the country to get a visa. Most countries have many classes of visa, ranging from tourist to skilled worker to entertainer. Each visa class has its own requirements and restrictions.
In many cases, non-working tourist visas (US B-2 visa) are granted automatically at port of entry. For the US, these are granted to anybody traveling from Europe among a few other countries.
One of the more common US visas you will hear about is the H-1B, which is used for skilled labor and requires a US company to sponsor.
For E-Sports, if they wanted to compete, likely need a P-1A or P-1B. These are for athletes (P-1A), or entertainers (P-1B). Both of these would grant them the ability to complete in the US. The requirements for these P-1 visas is that the person or team be “internationally recognized”, which may be a challenge for a lot of e-sport competitors still.
Most types of non-resident visas can be upgraded, either allowing the person to stay longer or take other actions that their original visa disallowed. For example, you could enter the country on a B-2 tourist visa and, during your stay, apply for permanent resident status. Whether that would be approved before your (maximum of) 6 months is up for the stay is unlikely.
Immigration officials also have a *lot* of leeway on visa approvals.
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