when giving blood, the body is missing about 500ml of volume. How is it replaced? Do we have a lower pressure in the veins?
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Blood volume is replaced by the water you drink. Notice that when you give blood they typically give you something like orange juice to drink? That isn’t just because everyone likes juice, it is to help replace your blood volume.
However your body also reacts to the drop in blood volume, or rather the resulting drop in blood pressure, by trying to reduce the volume of your circulatory system. It does something called “vasoconstriction” which is the tightening of blood vessels to reduce the size of their opening. The body will also increase your heart rate and reduce the rate at which it creates urine (since that would require pulling fluid out of the blood, and you need everything you have at the moment). Doing all that will help maintain blood pressure until more fluid can be consumed and absorbed, diluting what actual blood cells you still have.
Eventually more blood cells will be produced in your bone marrow and your blood will return to its normal concentration.
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