Turning 0°C ice into 0°C liquid water needs the same amount of energy as then heating the water up to 80°C. The freezing/melting step involves the transfer of a large amount of heat so it takes a long time. Large bodies of water can eventually freeze but it takes a very long time if the surrounding temperatures are not far below freezing. Even apart from freezing and melting, water has one of the highest “specific heats” of any chemical so it strongly resists temperature changes.
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