It’s called “vascularisation”, which is the process of growing additional tiny blood vessels throughout the muscles.
This allows more oxygen and fuel (sugars) to be brought in to the muscle, and for waste products (lactic acid) to be removed.
Every time you exhaust a muscle there are chemical growth signals generated which cause the process of vascularisation to begin.
If you keep doing it, the muscle will go from barely being able to jog a kilometre to being able to run an ultra-marathon without stopping.
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