Extract from food source or produce industrially.
Remember that food is more than just the bits you want, that’s why we have a digestive system, so we can break down the food and extract only the specifics we need.
So in supplements they’re just much more condensed.
Think of it this way,: you’re playing with LEGO. You want to build a red thing but all your blocks are already in other constructions. So you break them apart, remove other blocks and just keep the red ones.
A supplement is just red blocks.
Silly and simplified but hopefully makes sense.
As for the specifics on how/where they come from that’s going to be zpecific to each type of nutrient, the company process, legal approvals etc. And will vary from vitamin to vitamin even. 🙂
Macronutrients (protein/carb/fat) are extracted from natural food sources. Though i dont see any reason we cant artificially synthesize them, it would be more costly/tedious than extraction due to their relative complexity. Vitamins and minerals are (as a general rule; some vitamins are p big) simpler/smaller molecules so some are naturally sourced and some are artificial depending on feasibility, cost. Btw, important to note that on a molecular level, natural vs artificial are literally the same thing.
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