Sharpening stone removes metal.
Honing rod pushes metal into place.
After the abrasive removes metal to create the shape, the edge is rough.
The honing rod pushes those tiny rough textures flat.
This flatness or polished edge does two things. It allows the blade to move through the object getting cut with less resistance.
But at the very edge of the blade, it makes that edge straight instead of jagged from abrasive that has scratched away metal.
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