They had nothing to compare the clocks against, and I don’t think the stars and the sun would have made an useful target for comparison.
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Pendulum length.
The time it takes for a pendulum to swing back and forth is dependent only upon the length of the pendulum – not the sweep from side to side. A big sweep takes the same amount of time as a small sweep using the same pendulum. So the time period is the same when the pendulum first starts as it is when the pendulum Nears the end.
If a clock’s mechanism is being driven by a pendulum then the resulting movement is extremely accurate and reproducible.
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