When training anaerobic exercise over a period of time, what physiologically is changing in your muscles that causes imroovement?

Question

I have been working on improving my health. I read about glucose, ATP, oxygen delivery etc. But when I am cross training and pushing myself, what is happening in my muscles? Do you grow more capillaries to deliver more oxygen to clear waste? Lactate forms, and exercising with lactate present improves muscle “tolerance” to it. But again, what is improving? Does your body produce more enzymes?

Edit: I want to differentiate the training I am talking about versus traditional “over loading” weight lifting (muscles get bigger)

In: 163

Answer 1

I see many mentions of mitochondria, this is correct but there are also other adaptations.

This includes neuro pathways that enable more effecient blood flow, increased cappilarization, increased diffusion in the lungs, larger blood volume, increased ability to remove waste products such as lactate, hydrogen and even cortisol.

The ELI5 would be your body learns to become more effecient at whatever stresses it the most. If you are training anaerobically this means fast delivery and removal. Take in more blood and glucose, deliver it quicker in the muscle and remove the byproducts as fast as possible.

Source: I am a Kinesiologist and CSEP CEP.