There is additional story on software side of things.
For shutdown, Windows, for example, uses hibernation (save to disk) for a lot of kernel code instead of tearing it down, to speed-up next startup.
But for restart Windows makes complete teardown and rebuild of all kernel structures, because you usually request restart for updates and configurations, it’s not a part of normal operation.
[More info](https://www.howtogeek.com/349114/shutting-down-doesnt-fully-shut-down-windows-10-but-restarting-it-does/)
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