Do they just randomly stick a piece of copper in dirt and hope it conducts the charge through?
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For a house the ground wire leads to your meter box. There they pound one or more grounding rods into the soil. Mine are 10ft long and there two of them. How many depends on your soil conditions. The design requirements are in the electrical building code.
Random link to process https://www.thespruce.com/choosing-the-best-grounding-materials-1152287
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