The arch in your foot acts as a suspension for your legs and be extension the rest of your body. The force on your foot get absorbed and split through the rest of your foot by the arch while the arch is flexible enough to absorb said forces without getting damaged. If you run your fingers across your arch, you can feel a little knob of muscle and bones right at the top. If the arch was flat, that knob would be grinding against the ground every time you took a step, causing you a lot of pain.
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