Why are cluster munitions so notorious for leaving unexploded bomblets around?

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Is it poor build quality or are they not designed to explode on impact?

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It depends on the type, some cluster weapons are designed like you said to airburst and scatter over an area, detonating within a few seconds, they get failures due to ma unfaltering like they all do, but there is also an element of fratricide where some bombs go off and either damage or destroy others, but that effect also causes the damages ones not to explode or to become buried, or even pitched offline a few hundred meters in the explosion, to be found further down the line. The US ones have a failure rate per unit of 2-4%, and they class anything that doesn’t go off as a failure, not necessarily a dud. Some of the Russian made knew have a failure rate of 40% which is nuts and will be an ongoing problem in Ukraine for 20 years

There are some cluster bombs with a mixture of bomblet types, some are actual mines operated by proxy, wire or being stepped on, while there may be delayed fuse ones, designed to catch first responders to an attack. Some are designed to Bury themselves in soft ground and then arm themselves, these are “area denial weapons”, or deployable minefields, hidden by the initial attack.

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