Basicly this: Diesel fuel takes longer time to burn.
This means engines cannot opperate at high speed, as a petrol engine would. Furthermore, the “slow burn” also requires robust cylinders etc because of higher pressure., which only adds to weight and overall speed or acceleration.
Turbocharging is obviously going to make it better, but it hasn’t something to do with diesel engines in particular. You can turbocharge most engines.
However, it is pretty common to see a diesel engine to be turbocharged(turbodiesel) simply because it is also more fuel effecient.
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