Its about the tire contact area
The total contact area of the tires times the pressure inside the tires will equal the weight of the vehicle
Your bike tires have a very small contact patch to give lower rolling resistance(more tire touching means more squishing which means more energy lost) so it needs high pressure to support the weight in that small area
The car tire has a much larger contact area. Four tires each with a 5″ by 5″ patch will support a total of 2500 pounds. A lot of car tires are higher pressure, a 5×5 patch on 4 tires at 35 PSI will support the full weight of a 3500 pound car
You’ll notice that for cars with a “donut” spare, the spare tire is much narrower and gets inflated to a higher pressure. This is because the narrow tire has a smaller contact patch and needs the higher pressure to support the same weight.
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