The actual chip on a GPU isn’t too much bigger than a CPU. (I’ll come on to that). Instead, a graphics card is an entire computer in one. It has power delivery systems, voltage regulators, video memory, an I/O aswell as a microprocessor. So it is doing what the CPU, RAM and motherboard is doing in one. It is thus quite big.
The actual chip is a bit larger than the CPU because it is often much more powerful than a CPU at its specific tasks, so requires more silicon.
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