For brightness, it is expected that people will be regularly be using their phone outside in full sunlight which requires much more brightness for the screen to be usable. Compared to a tv that is generally expected to be used indoors without direct sunlight and the option of curtains, etc to make the room as dark as needed
I wouldn’t say that they are more advanced. There is a lot of technology that goes into a TV screen. OLED, QLED, HDR10, Dolby Vision, Triluminos Display (Sony) – all different screen technology’s.
As mobile phone screens are quite a bit smaller, they do tend to have a higher pixel density, higher Pixels Per Inch usually tends to give a better quality.
It comes down to size really. More pixels to make up the screen that don’t have to be stretched as much as you would on a larger screen gives a better clarity.
Also, phone screens are designed to be interacted with. Majority of TV screens are not.
They aren’t that much more advanced, it’s just a combination of specs demand and available tech.
Phone screens need to be usable in sunlight, so they require high brightness and contrast. They are small, so it’s easy to place backlight. They aren’t used for color-accurate or prolonged work, so they don’t need to have accurate colors and are often oversaturated to stand out.
TVs and monitors are looked at for extended periods of time, so they need to be eye-safe with comfortable colors; if used for work, they also have to provide accurate colors which are often muted compared to devices tuned for “eye candy” . Large surface area makes placing and powering backlight more demanding.
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