Carbon black (N330) is added to all tyres at around 40%, this acts as a functional filler by protecting from UV as has been said already but it’s main purpose is abrasion resistance. Tyres take a heavy load whilst being dragged across tarmac as can be seen when you skid and it leaves marks on the road. The carbon black reinforces the rubber so that it is far more durable, also known as a composite. Whilst fumed silica has been shown to give the same abrasion resistance in rubber as carbon black and would render a white tyre or coloured if you were to add pigment ( matching tyres and paint job wow!!) it would be more expensive to produce and would get dirty very quickly without anyway of ever cleaning them other that taking layers of rubber off.
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