Why are snake and spider venoms so powerful when their normal victims are so small?
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Part of it is that overkill is preferable to giving your prey any chance to struggle and potentially injure you.
Part of it is that some of these predators get into an evolutionary arms race with one type of prey that gradually develops a resistance to the venom. Over the generations, the slightly more resistant prey survive a little more, and the slightly more venomous predators eat a little better, and it keeps escalating as long as there’s a mechanism for it.
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