A programming language is the interface between us as humans and machines.
One key difference between different programming languages is how close they are to the machine (or the human respectively). Close to the machine means in general more control/options and better performance but also more possible problems and requires a more advanced understanding over all. If the language is closer to the human it becomes easier to learn but you lose performance and control over certain things. Depending on your project you may what to pick one over another based on your requirements in this area.
(Note: This is just one high level example how programming languages differentiate)
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