Most Western music uses 7 notes in a scale, with 12 total notes (notes outside of a key are called accidentals), but there are plenty of alternative tunings like 15 notes in an octave (the range from a note to the next note with the same name, like A to A) or 17 or 23 or….. any number really. 12 is just the most common
We can definitely hear other pitches, music using other tuning systems is called “microtonal” music and there’s plenty of it on YouTube
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