Why are there annual meteor showers like the Leonids and Perseids?

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I understand that meteor showers are due to the Earth passing through the debris left by a comet, but shouldn’t the Earth clear out any lingering meteors after a few revolutions?

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The particles that form the meteor shower are not just sitting there in space. Rather, they follow approximately the same orbit as the comet they came from, albeit with a spread of some millions of miles. Earth, by comparison, is tiny and only sweeps out a tiny portion of this cloud of meteoroids.

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