Why are they called octaves if there are only seven notes?

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The musical scales are A B C D E F G A, or Do Re Mi Fa So La Ti Do. If you do it that way, yes, there are eight. But the last note is the same as the first but at a higher pitch. If this were math, we’d basically be dealing with a base-7 system, with A or Do playing the part of zero.

So why is the set of scales called an octave if it’s all based on a base-7 system?

EDIT: Many of the first answers from when I originally asked were helpful but now I’m getting a lot of wrong answers from people who don’t seem to understand how numbers work. In a base-8 system, there are eight unique numbers, 0 through 7, after which it goes to 10. If you translate the notes into numbers, you don’t get 0 through 7, though. You get 0 through 6, after which it goes to 10 at the second Do. That’s why I was trying to reconcile that with the term “octave.”

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Anonymous 0 Comments

Musical theory came about before the concept of zero became common. So it did not occur to the music teachers that the base note might be the zeroeth note. It was the first note. Then you count the second, third, fifth, etc. And finally on the eighth note you get back to the base note. So you have an octave.

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