Well imagine two plastic bottles taped to each other with its necks.
Water is in one bottle at the bottom and top bottle is full of air. If you turn them around water starts flowing to the bottom bottle (imagine this as charging battery from your adapter). If you watch closely there would be exchange in air and water which means some pressure and resistance. The whole point is to do it as fast as possible so in this scenario you can spin them to help create whirlpool so water can travel on the sides and air in the middle. Simple as that.
Batteries are much complex in chemical structure but basically doing the same you need to push electrons one direction when charging and push it other direction when discharging. If you force this PHYSICAL process you create heat so you can either charge them fast with active cooling or if you overdo it and it does boom same like two bottles but one would be squeezed with hands the pressure would destroy both bottles.
So it’s physics who dosent allow us charge instantly simply because our batteries are not advanced enough yet to be charged so fast.
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