Go to the ocean with a pencil. When a wave comes by hold up the pencil. Did it appreciably alter the wave? Did the wave break in two and go off in different directions? Did the wave stop and reverse its direction when it hit the pencil? Was the water calm and placid behind the pencil?
Now look at a break water. Did this alter the wave appreciably? Did the wave go in two different directions around the break water? Did the breakwater stop the wave? Was the water calm and placid on the shore side of the breakwater?
The atom is like the pencil. It is MUCH smaller than the wavelength and it doesn’t disrupt the light’s wavefront appreciably for you to detect it.
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