Chaos theory: sensitive dependence upon initial conditions.
Or, to explain it like one is five, if you look outside, you can easily predict what the weather will be like in 3 minutes. You are less likely to be able to know what the weather will be like in 3 hours, and by the time 3 days will have gone by, the number of potential variables and changes in the environment between your prediction and that time approaches infinity, so prediction becomes much closer to impossible.
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