For 2D games in particular, a significant component is converting 2D pixel map in low resolution to something that would be visually pleasing in high resolution.
Essentially, in old 2D programming you would have direct access to the image as a 2D array of pixels, and expect the graphic card to do all the job for you. Mind it that the pair “CRT monitor/video card’ was quite powerful, as it would allow different 2D resolutions out of the box natively (not something possible with LCD anymore), and with physical CRT effects (some blur, some stay power, etc.) making the picture considerably nicer than on comparable LCD display.
With modern emulators, this is no longer feasible. As a result, typically there is a library where a picture would be formed already upscaled/preprocessed for the output. Which modern computers can do very efficiently, but often quite differently from how it was done 30 years ago, so in some cases the cause of freezing would be in this graphic output module.
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