Their radios are connected to repeaters.
A repeater is a radio that receives a signal and transmits it again with a lot more power and usually is high in the air (on top of buildings or radio towers) so it has better line of sight to a large area. The small radio only has to be heard by the repeater everything in a large area will hear the repeater.
More important then the power level is the height of the repeaters antenna. The higher the antenna is the more area can receive it.
Cell phone towers are repeaters and operate in a similar manner. They are more complicated and can do more but the basic concept is similar.
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