I guess what about having extra pistons makes mpg worse vs. 1.8L, 2.5L, 3.5L, etc.?
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The question is “what is the simplest and most efficient way to move as much fuel as possible through an engine?”
* simplest is fewer moving parts
* most efficient means extract as much energy as possible from the fuel
* as much fuel as possible means larger displacement
This tends to lead us to inline 4 cylinder engines with computer controlled of the valves, timing, fuel mix, fuel/air boost and all of that.
There are lots of other considerations, as well: manufacturing cost, availability of materials, maintenance costs, reliability, and so on.
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