I guess what about having extra pistons makes mpg worse vs. 1.8L, 2.5L, 3.5L, etc.?
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An *inline* 4-cylinder is mechanically less complex, with one bank of cylinders, one cylinder head and valvetrain. A V6 is a way of getting six cylinders in a compact space. Inline 6 is long.
V4 is less common in road cars.
Here’s one of many results I found when Google searching for “inline 4 vs v6” https://www.quora.com/If-they-have-the-exact-same-HP-and-torque-what-are-the-advantages-disadvantages-of-a-V6-vs-I4-Turbo
The move from V6 naturally aspirated (i.e. no turbo or supercharger) forced-induction (effectively, turbocharged) smaller inline 4 is https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engine_downsizing
https://youtu.be/9aO2vC_iMTI gives what seems to be a more thorough discussion
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