Really good question, the answer is called “Timbre” to summarize from wikipedia –
In simple terms, timbre is what makes a particular musical instrument or human voice have a different sound from another, even when they play or sing the same note. For instance, it is the difference in sound between a guitar and a piano playing the same note at the same volume. Both instruments can sound equally tuned in relation to each other as they play the same note, and while playing at the same amplitude level each instrument will still sound distinctively with its own unique tone color.
In the physical world the difference is caused by slight variations in the wavelengths of different sounds even when playing same frequencies
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