No they are not always the exact some frequency, Notes come in sets of octaves. for example, the note A has a frequency of 440hz, if you move it up an octave, making it a higher pitch, it is 880hz, down an octave is 220hz.
Different instruments play generally in different octaves. Take a cello and violin, they can play the same note, but the much larger cello is going to play it in a much lower octave with a much deeper sound.
Sounds also sound different to their length. A flute the is putting out a bunch of quick bursts of notes is going to sound different than a violin playing the note by pulling the bow long across the string.
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