Raster image files are stored as numbers. “Raster” is the name for images made of pixels, as opposed to vector which is geometric equations. Each individual pixel has a value for red, green, and blue. JPEGs only store these 3 color channels. Files like PNGs support a 4th channel called “alpha”, which contains a value for transparency for each pixel as well.
The JPEG format was developed for digital photography, which of course would not need a transparency channel.
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